Measures | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
Gender | 0.53 (0.41, 0.70)*** | <0.000 |
Parental social class at birth (unskilled as reference group) |
|
|
Partly skilled | 1.43 (0.84, 2.44) | 0.186 |
Skilled manual | 1.00 (0.62, 1.61) | 0.995 |
Skilled non-manual | 1.01 (0.58, 1.77) | 0.958 |
Managerial\tech | 0.85 (0.49, 1.47) | 0.564 |
Professional | 0.78 (0.39, 1.56) | 0.480 |
Childhood hearing impairment | 2.23 (1.98, 2.97)*** | <0.001 |
Childhood intelligence | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0.510 |
Educational qualifications (no qualification as reference group) |
|
|
CSE 2-5/equivalent NVQ1 | 0.70 (0.40, 1.24) | 0.219 |
O Level/equivalent NVQ2 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.46) | 0.663 |
A level/equivalent NVQ3 | 1.30 (0.77, 2.19) | 0.328 |
Higher qualification/equivalent NVQ4 | 0.98 (0.56, 1.68) | 0.918 |
University Degree/equivalent NVQ5, 6 | 1.00 (0.55, 1.81) | 0.996 |
Current social class (unskilled as reference group) |
|
|
Partly skilled | 1.17 (0.52, 2.65) | 0.703 |
Skilled manual | 0.84 (0.38, 1.87) | 0.673 |
Skilled non-manual | 0.80 (0.36, 1.80) | 0.592 |
Managerial/tech | 0.81 (0.37, 1.79) | 0.602 |
Professional | 0.68 (0.27, 1.70) | 0.407 |
Extraversion | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 0.827 |
Emotional stability | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89)*** | <0.001 |
Agreeableness | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 0.529 |
Conscientiousness | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.286 |
Openness | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.729 |