Material

Young modulus (MPa)

Poisson coefficient

References

Cortical bone

12,000

0.3

[10] - [21] [26] [35] [37] - [40] [42] [43]

Cancellous bone

100

0.2

[10] [13] [14] [16] - [18] [20] [21] [23] - [26] [35] [37] - [40] [42] [43]

Posterior bone

3500

0.25

[12] - [14] [17] [18] [20] [21] [23] [26] [27] [36] - [39]

Cartilage endplates

12,000

0.3

[20] [22] [24] [28]

Annulus ground substance

4.2

0.45

[10] [13] [16] [18] - [22] [24] [26] [30] [31] [34] - [39] [42] [43]

Nucleus pulposus

1

0.499

[11] [13] - [15] [17] [19] [20] [26] [29] [32] - [38] [42] [43]

Anterior longitudinal ligament

20

0.3

[13] [14] [16] - [18] [36] [37] [40] [41]

Posterior longitudinal ligament

20

0.3

[13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41]

Ligamentum flavum

19.50

0.3

[13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41]

Intertransverse ligament

58.7

0.3

[13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41]

Inter-spinous ligament

11.6

0.3

[13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41]

Supra-spinous ligament

15

0.3

[13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41]

Capsular ligament

32.9

0.3

[13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41]