Material | Young modulus (MPa) | Poisson coefficient | References |
Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.3 | [10] - [21] [26] [35] [37] - [40] [42] [43] |
Cancellous bone | 100 | 0.2 | [10] [13] [14] [16] - [18] [20] [21] [23] - [26] [35] [37] - [40] [42] [43] |
Posterior bone | 3500 | 0.25 | [12] - [14] [17] [18] [20] [21] [23] [26] [27] [36] - [39] |
Cartilage endplates | 12,000 | 0.3 | [20] [22] [24] [28] |
Annulus ground substance | 4.2 | 0.45 | [10] [13] [16] [18] - [22] [24] [26] [30] [31] [34] - [39] [42] [43] |
Nucleus pulposus | 1 | 0.499 | [11] [13] - [15] [17] [19] [20] [26] [29] [32] - [38] [42] [43] |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | 20 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] - [18] [36] [37] [40] [41] |
Posterior longitudinal ligament | 20 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41] |
Ligamentum flavum | 19.50 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41] |
Intertransverse ligament | 58.7 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41] |
Inter-spinous ligament | 11.6 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41] |
Supra-spinous ligament | 15 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41] |
Capsular ligament | 32.9 | 0.3 | [13] [14] [16] [17] [36] [37] [40] [41] |