| Authors | Theory | Key Idea |
| | Heuristic-Analytic Theory | Heuristic and analytic processes. Bias only in heuristic phase. |
| | Dual Process Theory | Interaction between processes 1 and 2 in the development of human thinking. |
| | Parallel-Competitive Processing Model | Two reasoning processes operate at the same time and in direct competition with one another. Parallel activation of two types of intuitive responses: heuristic and logical answers. |
| | Two Minds Theory | Two minds in one brain. Old intuitive mind, new reflective mind. |
| | Dual-Strategy Model | Subjects can activate a fast statistical strategy, accepting probable conclusions, that can be replaced in some circumstances, by a slower counterexample strategy (a conclusion is rejected if a counterexample is found). |
| | Heuristic-Analytic Theory-Revised | Heuristic and analytic processes. Both processes can lead to bias. |
| | Default Interventionist Model | One process is the default but can be overridden by a second process. Type 1 processes produce intuitive heuristic answer. After this, only sometimes might be followed by a deliberative slow Type 2 processes. Both of them can lead to bias. Subject as a cognitive miser who try to minimize cognitive effort (degree of use of mental resources). |
| Dual Process Theory-Metacognitive Perspective | Metacognitive feelings (FOR). Two response paradigm. |
| | Tri-Process Theory | Processes: Autonomous (TASS). Reflective (thinking dispositions). Algorithmic (cognitive capacity) |
| | Three-Stage Dual Process Model | Multiple type 1 processes may be cued by a stimulus (stage 1), leading for potential conflict detection (stage 2). If successful, conflict detection leads to Type 2 processing (stage 3). Type 1-Intuitive. Type 2: Functions: rationalization and cognitive decoupling. |
| | Logic-Intuition Model | Multiple Type 1 processes can provide intuitive cues. Intuitive reasoning is determined by the absolute and relative strength of competing intuitions (heuristic and logical intuition). “Bias blind spot”: biased people don’t realize that their system 1 answer is logically questionable. They think that others commit biases, but not them. |
| | Default Interventionist Model-Revised | The degree of effort is modulated by different factors (motivational, situational or cognitive resources). Emphasis on investigating complex intuitive processing and multiple Type 2 systems of thought |