| ToM Program for Children | SIP Program for Children | |
Sessions | |||
Timing | 8 sessions (45 minutes) 2 sessions a week During 2 months No follow-up | ||
Group of 3 to 4 children | |||
Objectives | |||
General | Support the child’s socio-emotional development (understanding and regulation of emotions) Support understanding of own mental states or those of various protagonists Support understanding of the combination of affective and cognitive mental states | Support the child’s socio-emotional development Support understanding of social problem solving Support understanding of social information processing, notably abilities displayed in the five steps | |
By process | Affective ToM Support understanding of desires Support recognition of own and others’ facial expressions (sadness, joy, fear, anger) following developmental order: photographic facial recognition; schematic facial recognition; situation-based emotions; desire-based emotions; belief-based emotions Support understanding of causes and consequences of own and others’ emotions.
Cognitive ToM Support understanding of perspective-taking following developmental acquisition: simple perspective-taking; complex perspective-taking; seeing leads to knowing; true belief prediction; false belief. Support understanding of own and others’ beliefs and false beliefs Support understanding of intentions, knowledge, pretense, thinking, attention, and visual perception.
Combination of mental states Support understanding of desire-based emotion, perception-based belief, perception-based action, belief- and reality-based emotion and second-order emotion | Steps of SIP 1. Encoding other people’s social and emotional cues, 2. Interpretation of social and emotional cues, 3. Clarification of goals, 4. Response access, 5. Response decision.
Avoid hostile attribution bias - Steps 1, 2 Understand critical social situations (provocation, ambiguous situation, conflict, social exclusion, frustration, transgression, cooperation or prosocial help) - Steps 1, 2, 3 Identify social behavior as appropriate or not - Steps 1, 2, 3 Suggest solutions as response - Steps 3, 4, 5 Judge the relevance of responses (inhibit the inappropriate ones and select the appropriate) - Steps 3, 4, 5 Give explanation/justification for specific critical social situations - Steps 3, 4, 5 | |