Variables | Control group (n = 15) | ToM Experimental group (n = 15) | SIP Experimental group (n = 15) | χ2/F | |
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
Sex (% boys) |
| 86% | 66% | 47% | 5.4 |
CA (in months) |
| 109.6 (12.51) | 104.13 (25.37) | 0.32 | 0.32 |
GDA (in months) |
| 63.47 (16.18) | 61.67 (12.57) | 0.07 | 0.07 |
VDA (in months) |
| 62.1 (15.85) | 60.77 (13.27) | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Family variables | Family income | 3.20 (1.15) | 3.64 (0.81) | 9.99 | 9.99 |
| Mothers’ education (max = 7) | 2.45 (1.44) | 2.63 (1.6) | 18.16 | 18.16 |
| Fathers’ education (max = 7) | 3.33 (1.22) | 3.83 (1.6) | 12.33 | 12.33 |
| Mother-child conversations about emotions | 2.1 (0.54) | 2.39 (0.83) | 0.77 | 0.77 |
| Father-child conversations about emotions | 2.04 (0.79) | 3.06 (0.94) | 1.96 | 1.96 |
ToM | ToM Task Battery total (max = 15) | 8.07 (2.52) | 8.33 (3.15) | 8.33 (2.13) | 0.05 |
| Affective ToM Task Battery (max = 6) | 4.8 (1.15) | 4.93 (1.38) | 5.27 (0.88) | 0.73 |
| Cognitive ToM Task Battery (max = 6) | 2.64 (1.15) | 2.86 (1.46) | 2.93 (1.62) | 0.34 |
| Mixed ToM Task Battery (max = 3) | 0.92 (0.95) | 0.64 (1.08) | 0.13 (0.35) | 2.38 |
| ToM emotions (max = 12) | 6.9 (1.61) | 7.33 (2.77) | 8.133 (1.87) | 2.45 |
| ToM emotions—causes (max = 6) | 3.47 (0.85) | 3.80 (1.59) | 4.17 (1.25) | 1.14 |
| ToM emotions—consequences (max = 6) | 2.93 (1.31) | 3.53 (1.41) | 3.97 (1.38) | 2.16 |
| ToM beliefs (max = 5) | 2.43 (1.31) | 3.13 (1.42) | 3.43 (1.35) | 2.14 |
| ToM Inventory (max = 20) | 12.46 (3.51) | 12.5 (3.43) | 13.03 (3.51) | 0.64 |
| ToM Inventory—Factor 1 | 13.03 (4.56) | 10.88 (3.65) | 11.59 (4.35) | 0.53 |
| ToM Inventory—Factor 2 | 15.05 (2.58) | 14.61 (3.34) | 15.05 (2.39) | 0.11 |
| ToM Inventory—Factor 3 | 15.86 (2.45) | 13.65 (4.7) | 13.43 (4.88) | 1.36 |
SIP | RES total (max = 140) | 61.47 (20.18) | 65.27 (28.26) | 64.07 (15.9) | 0.12 |
| Judgment score on appropriate vignettes (max = 2) | 1.77 (0.34) | 1.47 (0.72) | 1.8 (0.42) | 1.89 |
| Judgment score on inappropriate vignettes (max = 2) | 1.81 (0.19) | 1.84 (0.29) | 1.78 (0.22) | 0.23 |
| Identification score on appropriate vignettes (max = 1) | 0.83 (0.17) | 0.72 (0.38) | 0.89 (0.18) | 1.65 |
| Identification score on inappropriate vignettes (max = 1) | 0.72 (0.16) | 0.82 (0.26) | 0.84 (0.13) | 1.79 |
| Justification score on appropriate vignettes (max = 7) | 1.59 (1.14) | 2.32 (1.66) | 2.13 (1.39) | 1.09 |
| Justification score on inappropriate vignettes (max = 7) | 2.08 (1.34) | 2.09 (1.41) | 1.8 (0.93) | 0.26 |
Social adjustment | EASE total_Teachers (max = 98) | 48.30 (17.19) | 54.08 (17.94) | 51.75 (20.07) | 0.28 |
| EASE ToM_Teachers (max = 52) | 25 (8.55) | 26.92 (9.23) | 26.25 (9.61) | 0.13 |
| EASE social skills_Teachers (max = 46) | 23.30 (8.93) | 27.15 (9.38) | 25.5 (10.76) | 0.44 |
| EASE total_Parents (max = 98) | 59.07 (18.66) | 57.38 (19.35) | 55.14 (16.01) | 0.17 |
| EASE ToM_Parents (max = 52) | 28.93 (9.80) | 27.85 (10.51) | 25.71 (7.78) | 0.42 |
| EASE social skills_Parents (max = 46) | 30.14 (9.44) | 29.38 (9.17) | 29.36 (8.68) | 0.03 |
| CBCL Externalizing Behaviors | 16.47 (10.44) | 19.25 (11.51) | 17.36 (11.06) | 0.21 |
| CBCL Internalizing Behaviors | 17.53 (9.03) | 18.42 (10.04) | 19 (8.76) | 0.08 |