| Criterion | Inclusion | Exclusion |
| Timeline | Research studies published between 2019-2023 | Research studies published before 2019 |
| Document type | Empirical papers from journals | Systematic review, books, reports, conference proceedings, book chapters. |
| Language | English | Non-English |
| Scope | Related to in-service English teachers’ perspectives on the use of digital tools | Irrelevant to English learning and teaching, non-English teachers’ perspectives, pre-service teachers’ perspectives, learners’ perspectives |