Leadership style | Dualistic character | Theoretical perspective | Spatial and temporal characteristics |
Paradoxical leadership | Not necessarily in opposition to each other | Based on Contingency Theory, Organizational Learning Theory and Dynamic Competency Theory, it emphasizes the need for leaders to flexibly balance and switch between different organizational learning modes (e.g. exploratory and exploitative) and different leadership styles (e.g. transformational and transactional leadership). | Time and timing are particularly important for leadership behaviors, and dual leaders need the flexibility to adapt their leadership behaviors to rapidly changing organizational tasks, emphasizing the immediacy and non-linear nature of dual leadership |
dual leadership | Clearly opposing elements | Based on the Taoist philosophy of yin and yang and the theory of paradox, the opposing elements are regarded as an organic whole, emphasizing the characteristics of the elements that are both contradictory and interdependent, and exploring how to organically coordinate the opposing elements | Examines normative leadership styles, emphasizing the underlying thinking and logic of leaders in responding to organizational conflict |