Evidential types

Realizations

Examples

Inferring evidentials

Modal verbs

shall, should, can, may, will, might, must, shall, could, would

Modal adjuncts

probably, possibly, perhaps, likely

Relational process

seem to..., it (would) seems that

Adjectives

It is possible that

Reporting evidentials

(author + date) form

Martin (1992), Lemke (1985, 1990)

Verbal forms

verb that

show that, reveal that, find that, demonstrate that, argue that, agree that

be verbed

were shown, was found

it is verbed that

it is proposed that, it has been reported that

Nouns

claim, conclusion, finding, view, fact

Adjuncts

according to X, in X’s approach, following X

Sensory evidentials

see that structure

we will see that, it’s easy to see that

Belief evidentials

Subjective

I/we plus mental state verb that

I (will/ shall) argue that, we argue that, we (can) assume that

mental state noun plus that

my view is that

Objective

it is plus mental state verbed that

it (will be) is argued that, it is assumed that, it is suggested that