Limited capability (necessity of capacity building)

Group category

Ethnicity

Farming style

Khmu

(20 samples)

Hmong

(21 samples)

URF with P (11 samples)

URF without P (28 samples)

(a) Sustaining livelihoods (farming techniques and resources)

Techniques for improving productivity

Middle

Middle

High

High

Achieving necessary rice production (avoiding rice shortages)

High

Nonea

Middle

Middle

Agricultural water management

High

High

High

High

(b) Capacity to formulate land use plans

Opportunity to participate in community discussions

High

Middle

Middle

High

Expressing opinion in community

Middle

Middle

Low

Middle

Identification of bottom-up decision making process

Nonea

Low

Nonea

Nonea

(c) Necessary capacity for implementing a land use plan and forest management

Cooperation between groups

Middle

Middle

Middle

High

Identification of necessities and benefits from group activities

Middle

Nonea

Nonea

Middle