Variables

Within-dimension estimators

Between-dimension estimators

FMOLS

DOLS

FMOLS

DOLS

Aid/GDP

−0.008018

−0.014976

−0.205418

−0.202830

(0.0811)

(0.0605)

(0.0697)

(0.0718)

AGR/GDP

0.0361

0.0236

0.0451

0.0252

(0.0098)^*

(0.0084)^*

(0.0250)^*

(0.0338)^*

TPR/GDP

0.0207

0.0187

0.0572

0.0265

(0.0362)^*

(0.0484)^*

(0.0173)^*

(0.0405)^*

HUM/GDP

0.0649

0.0265

0.0433

0.0678

(0.9905)

(0.9582)

(0.6930)

(0.9330)

EDU/GDP

0.0663

0.0487

0.0672

0.0531

(0.0079)^*

(0.0182)^*

(0.0434)^*

(0.0067)^*