17	Salsali and Mehrdad (2009)	To identify practicing nurses’ view of aspects which they perceived constrain them from research utilization that summarizes and uses research findings to address a nursing practice problem.	-	Iran	15	A qualitative approach, the semi-structured interviews	The six themes of the study were: degree of support nurses need to be research users, extent of nurses’ knowledge and skills in RU, levels of educational training involving research, research mindedness, administration and executive challenges in clinical setting and theory-practice gap. All of these themes were considered as barriers to RU
18	Chien et al. (2013)	To assess the levels of perceived barriers to and facilitators of research utilization in practice among Chinese nurses and inter-relationships between these barriers and facilitators and their socio-demographic characteristics	-	China	743	A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study	The six top ranked barriers from the subscale “Organizational Characteristics” were mainly related to limitations of resources, facilities and nursing manpower in the nurses’ workplaces or organizations, for example, “There is insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas” (i.e., the top barrier) The nurse does not see the value of research for practice nurses’ (i.e., the second one) and “The nurse is unaware of the research” (i.e., the fifth one).
19	Wang et al. (2013)	To describe the perception of barriers to and facilitators of research utilization by registered nurses in Sichuan province, China, and to explore the factors influencing the perceptions of the barriers to and facilitators of research utilization.	-	China	590	A cross sectional survey design	The lack of authority was ranked as the top greatest barrier, followed by the lack of time and language barrier
20	Tawfik et al. (2014)	The identification of barriers and facilitates of research utilization in nursing practice from the perspective of nurses in Suez Canal University Hospital.	-	Egypt	68	A cross sectional design	The greatest barriers to research utilization were the inadequacy of facilities for implementation, the delay in publishing research reports, the unclear implications of research utilization for practice, the physicians’ non-cooperation and the insufficient time to read researches.
21	Buhaid et al. (2014)	Investigate the perceived barriers to research utilization in Bahrain and compared the barriers to those of other countries.	-	Bahrain	219	A cross-sectional exploratory research design	The top three ranked barriers were lack of authority to change practice, inadequate facilities and time constraints. Of the top 10 ranked barriers, six items were related to the subscale organization
22	Chinomso & Foluso (2014)	To evaluate the perceived research utilization barriers among nurses in a community hospital in Nigeria and to assess the relationship between their perception and selected socio-demographic variables.	-	Nigeria	62	A descriptive study	The major barriers identified were issues with administration, lack of cooperation from physicians and lack of time to read research among nurses, insufficient time to implement changes and unwillingness to change or try new things.