Model 1

Model 2

Estimated Probability

Effect

Size

Effect

Parameter

Parameter Estimate

SE^a

Z

p

Parameter Estimate

SE

Z

p

LS

Mean^b

M^c − S^d

M + S

Intercept

b₀

−1.687

0.104

−16.29

<0.001

−1.545

0.128

−12.07

<0.001

Race

0.387

White

b₁

−1.150

0.130

−8.86

<0.001

−1.458

0.151

−9.63

<0.001

0.083

Black

0.218

Sex

0.009

Boy

b₂

−0.023

0.029

−0.79

0.428

0.002

0.029

0.08

0.937

0.134

Girl

0.137

Free Lunch Status

0.044

Not Free Lunch

b₃

−0.129

0.014

−9.31

<0.001

−0.153

0.019

−7.78

<0.001

0.128

Free Lunch

0.143

Neighborhood

b₄

<0.001

<0.001

Grade

b₅

0.029

0.003

9.36

<0.001

0.018

0.005

3.96

<0.001

0.221

0.238

0.040

SAT Reading

b₆

−0.003

0.004

−6.71

<0.001

0.251

0.227

0.056

SAT Math

b₇

−0.001

0.004

−3.13

0.002

0.244

0.233

0.026

School Violations

b₈

0.005

0.001

3.59

<0.001

0.234

0.244

0.023