Variable	Definition	Measurement	Apriori Expected effect
Dependent Variable
Performance Scores	Test means score in arithmetic, reading	Number of scores	Positive
Independent Variables
School infrastructural characteristics	Number of classes Number of toilets Availability of playfield Number of textbooks School Possession index	Number in units Number in units Number in units Number in units Possession Index from secondary data	Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative
Government Expenditure	Recurrent and development of government expenditure on education	Kenya Shillings calculated from capitation amounts	Positive
Regional characteristics	School location described by its vicinity School Distance from social amenities	Dummy measures based on the location of the school either: 1 if big town, 0 otherwise; 1 if urban, 0 otherwise; 1 if rural, 0 otherwise; or 1 if isolated, 0 otherwise Dummy measures based on the distance from social amenity either: 1 if the clinic, 0 otherwise; 1 if road, 0 otherwise; 1 if Library, 0 otherwise; 1 if Bookshop, 0 otherwise; 1 if Secondary school, 0 otherwise; or 1 if the market, 0 otherwise.	Negative Positive
Class types	Number of classes described by building type	Dummy measure based on building material either given as: Permanent = 1, otherwise zero; Temporary = 1, otherwise 0 or Open = 1, otherwise 0	Positive
Pupil characteristic	Pupil-Teacher Ratio Pupil-Class Ratio Pupil-Book Ratio Pupil-Toilet ratio	Number of pupils per teacher Number of pupils per class Number of pupils per book Number of pupils per toilet	Positive Positive Positive Negative
Teacher characteristics	Number of teachers in school Teacher Experience Teacher Qualification	Number in Units Number of teachers with (a) no experience (b) less than 1 year (c) at least 1 year (d) at least 2 years (e) at least 3 years (f) more than 3 years Number of Teachers with (i) primary education (ii) Secondary education (iii) tertiary education	Positive Positive Positive