SN

Journal

Age/

Gender

Presentation

Extent of surgery

Positive margins

Neoadjuvant/ Adjuvant Therapy

Tumour size (cm)

Formal Histopathology

Presence of extrathyroidal spread & location

TMN Stage

Length of survival

1

Kanaseki et al. [25]

52/F

Enlarging anterior neck mass with vocal cord palsy

TT with tracheal wall resection

Interval upper mediastinal LN dissection

No

Adjuvant CTX followed by CRT

9.0 × 6.5 × 3.0

ATC with tracheal invasion

Positive superior mediastinal LN

Yes

Tracheal wall and mediastinal LN

Stage IVB

T4bN1bM0

>2 years

2

Shinohara et al. [27]

53/F

Anterior neck pain with left thyroid nodule

Total pharyngo? laryngo?esophagectomy with bilateral neck and upper mediastinum LN dissection

No

Neoadjuvant CTX followed by RT

Tumour regrowth on MRI after RT, proceeded with surgery

4.1

Tumour replaced by granulation tissue and necrosis, no cancer cells

(ATC on initial fine-needle aspiration cytology)

Yes

Cervical esophagus

Stage IVB

T4bN0MO

>2 years

3

Kurukahvecioglu et al. [22]

35/F

Rapidly growing right thyroid nodule initially Tracheal mass 9 months later Suspicious right neck nodes on PET-CT 5 months later

Right lobectomy Interval radical excision of tracheal mass and left lobectomy

Interval right radical ND

No

Adjuvant CTX and RT after 2nd surgery

2.1 × 1.5

Right thyroid nodule: benign

Tracheal mass: ATC, 3 LN positive

Right ND: negative

Yes

Trachea and strap muscles

Stage IVB

T4bN1aM0

>3 years after second surgery

4

Noguchi et al. [28]

51/M

Rapidly growing right thyroid nodule with mild tenderness

Right lobectomy with right levels 2 - 4 and level 6 ND with intraoperative RT

No

Oral valproic acid daily

Neoadjuvant CRT

Adjuvant CTX

3 × 4.1 × 3.5

Tumour surrounded by fibrous tissue divided by thin ring of PTC; encapsulating fibrous tissue contained remnants of ATC

LN: 4 out of 26 positive

Yes

Strap muscles

Stage IVB

T4bN1M0

>2 years

5

Olthof et al. [31]

76/F

Enlarging anterior neck mass

TT with left modified radical neck dissection (levels 2-6)

Yes

Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy I131

Adjuvant RT

7 × 6 × 4

Hürthle cell carcinoma dedifferentiated to ATC with differentiation along rhabdomyoblastic cell lines

Level 2 LN positive

Yes

Regional cervical LN

Stage IVB

T4aN1aM0

>3 years

6

Liu et al. [23]

68/M

Anterior neck mass with compressive symptoms and dyspnoea

TT with removal of enlarged LNs

No

Adjuvant RT

5 × 3 × 4

ATC

LN negative

Yes

Strap muscles

Stage IVB

T4bN0M0

>10 years

7

Pichardo-Lowden et al. [26]

26/F

Rapidly growing anterior neck mass with odynophagia and voice change

TT and left modified radical ND

No

Adjuvant CRT

5 × 4

Undifferentiated carcinoma

LN negative

Yes

Tracheal wall, strap and sternocleidomastoid muscles, encasing left internal jugular vein and adhering to common carotid artery

Stage IVB

T4bN0M0

>2 years

8

Akaishi et al. [24]

48/F

Not known

Now known but completely resected

No

No

<5

Incidental small focus of ATC

Yes

Not known

Stage IVB

>12 years 7 months

9

Akaishi et al. [24]

68/F

Not kwown

Not known but debulking done

Not known

Adjuvant RT and CTX

<5

Incidental small focus of ATC

Yes

Not known

Stage IVB

9 years

10

Akaishi et al. [24]

66/F

Not known

Not known but completely resected

No

Adjuvant RT and CTX

>5

ATC

Yes

Not known

Stage IVB

>3 years

11

Kihara et al. [32]

82

Immobile thyroid mass

Subtotal thyroidectomy

Not known

Adjuvant CRT

4.9

ATC

Yes

Surrounding muscle

Stage IVB

T4bN0M0

6 years 4 months