SN | Journal | Age/ Gender | Presentation | Extent of surgery | Positive margins | Neoadjuvant/ Adjuvant Therapy | Tumour size (cm) | Formal Histopathology | Presence of extrathyroidal spread & location | TMN Stage | Length of survival |
1 | Kanaseki et al. [25] | 52/F | Enlarging anterior neck mass with vocal cord palsy | TT with tracheal wall resection Interval upper mediastinal LN dissection | No | Adjuvant CTX followed by CRT | 9.0 × 6.5 × 3.0 | ATC with tracheal invasion Positive superior mediastinal LN | Yes Tracheal wall and mediastinal LN | Stage IVB T4bN1bM0
| >2 years |
2 | Shinohara et al. [27] | 53/F | Anterior neck pain with left thyroid nodule | Total pharyngo? laryngo?esophagectomy with bilateral neck and upper mediastinum LN dissection
| No | Neoadjuvant CTX followed by RT Tumour regrowth on MRI after RT, proceeded with surgery | 4.1 | Tumour replaced by granulation tissue and necrosis, no cancer cells (ATC on initial fine-needle aspiration cytology) | Yes Cervical esophagus | Stage IVB T4bN0MO | >2 years |
3 | Kurukahvecioglu et al. [22]
| 35/F | Rapidly growing right thyroid nodule initially Tracheal mass 9 months later Suspicious right neck nodes on PET-CT 5 months later | Right lobectomy Interval radical excision of tracheal mass and left lobectomy Interval right radical ND | No | Adjuvant CTX and RT after 2nd surgery | 2.1 × 1.5 | Right thyroid nodule: benign Tracheal mass: ATC, 3 LN positive Right ND: negative | Yes Trachea and strap muscles | Stage IVB T4bN1aM0
| >3 years after second surgery |
4 | Noguchi et al. [28] | 51/M | Rapidly growing right thyroid nodule with mild tenderness | Right lobectomy with right levels 2 - 4 and level 6 ND with intraoperative RT | No | Oral valproic acid daily Neoadjuvant CRT Adjuvant CTX | 3 × 4.1 × 3.5 | Tumour surrounded by fibrous tissue divided by thin ring of PTC; encapsulating fibrous tissue contained remnants of ATC LN: 4 out of 26 positive | Yes Strap muscles | Stage IVB T4bN1M0
| >2 years |
5 | Olthof et al. [31] | 76/F | Enlarging anterior neck mass | TT with left modified radical neck dissection (levels 2-6)
| Yes | Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy I131 Adjuvant RT | 7 × 6 × 4 | Hürthle cell carcinoma dedifferentiated to ATC with differentiation along rhabdomyoblastic cell lines Level 2 LN positive | Yes Regional cervical LN | Stage IVB T4aN1aM0
| >3 years |
6 | Liu et al. [23] | 68/M | Anterior neck mass with compressive symptoms and dyspnoea | TT with removal of enlarged LNs | No | Adjuvant RT | 5 × 3 × 4 | ATC LN negative | Yes Strap muscles | Stage IVB T4bN0M0 | >10 years |
7 | Pichardo-Lowden et al. [26] | 26/F | Rapidly growing anterior neck mass with odynophagia and voice change | TT and left modified radical ND
| No | Adjuvant CRT | 5 × 4 | Undifferentiated carcinoma LN negative | Yes Tracheal wall, strap and sternocleidomastoid muscles, encasing left internal jugular vein and adhering to common carotid artery | Stage IVB T4bN0M0 | >2 years |
8 | Akaishi et al. [24] | 48/F | Not known | Now known but completely resected | No | No | <5 | Incidental small focus of ATC | Yes Not known | Stage IVB | >12 years 7 months |
9 | Akaishi et al. [24] | 68/F | Not kwown | Not known but debulking done | Not known | Adjuvant RT and CTX | <5 | Incidental small focus of ATC | Yes Not known | Stage IVB | 9 years |
10 | Akaishi et al. [24] | 66/F | Not known | Not known but completely resected | No | Adjuvant RT and CTX | >5 | ATC | Yes Not known | Stage IVB | >3 years |
11 | Kihara et al. [32] | 82 | Immobile thyroid mass | Subtotal thyroidectomy | Not known | Adjuvant CRT | 4.9 | ATC | Yes Surrounding muscle | Stage IVB T4bN0M0 | 6 years 4 months |