Microbial Species | Associated Problem | Contamination source (Main Pathway1) |
Bacillus cereus (spores) | Spoilage of pasteurized dairy products | Environment1 (feeds, faeces and soil), milking equipment |
Bacillus sporothermadurans (spores) | Spoilage of UHT-treated dairy products | Environment (feeds and faeces) |
Butyric acid bacteria (spores) | Spoilage of Gouda and Emmenthal cheeses | Environment (feeds and faeces) |
Campylobacter jejuni | Food safety (products made of raw milk) | Environment (faeces) |
Escherichia coli | Spoilage and food safety (products made of raw milk | Environment (faeces and deddind), |
Listeria monocytogenes | Food safety (products made of raw milk and soft or surface ripened cheeses) | Environment1 (faeces) |
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis | Food safety (products made of raw milk)2 | Environment1 (faeces) |
Pseudomonas spp. | Spoilage | Environment1 (bedding, soil), milking equipment |
Salmonella spp. | Food safety (products made of raw milk | Environment1 (faeces) |
Staphylococcus thermophilus | Spoilage | Environment1 (faeces, bedding, soil), milking equipment |
Staphylococcus aureus | Food safety (products made of raw milk | Interior of teats |