Primary Indicators:

Secondary Indicators:

X1 Social Anxiety

X11 Concern about being isolated by social groups (Wang et al., 2023)

X12 Feeling exhausted in social relationships (Zhang & Wang, 2021)

X2 Romantic Setbacks

X21 Difficulty moving on from sadness post-breakup (Wang et al., 2023)

X22 Repeated disappointments in pursuing romantic relationships (Chao, 2023)

X3 Academic Stress

X31 Lack of interest in studies (Wang et al., 2023)

X32 Desire to improve academic performance but feeling incapable (Chao, 2023)

X4 Employment Pressure

X41 Uncertainty about future employment direction (Chao, 2023)

X42 Setting high employment goals but lacking the ability to achieve them (Chao, 2023)

X43 Disinterest in employment, preferring to rely on parents (Peng & Yu, 2023)

X5 Internet Addiction

X51 Reluctance to quit internet addiction, enjoying immersion in the online world (Zhang & Wang, 2021)

X52 Desire to overcome internet addiction but finding it challenging to do so (Wang et al., 2023)