Theme Targeted | 2011-2020 | Pictorial Monomodal Metaphor | Verbo-pictorial Multimodal Metaphor | Theme |
Smart Devices | 117 | 39 | 78 | Intergenerational relationships, miscommunication, reading struggle-tablets & smartphones or books? Children and smart devices, cell phone addiction, getting the newest cell phone obsession, driving while texting |
| 44 | 14 | 30 | Fake identity, fake accounts, corruption, collective anger, E-bullying – Constraints on tweeting - |
Social Media (Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook) | 24 | 8 | 16 | IP rights, personal privacy, influencers, social media and self-esteem, social media and mental health, exploiting children on social media apps, education and e-learning |
| 10 | 1 | 9 | Rumors – family greetings– criminal acts – connection problems – fake identities |
Snapchat | 2 | 2 | - | People’s privacy, Snapchat & driving |
| 1 | 1 | - | Fake identity |
| 1 | - | 1 | E-begging |
PUBG | 1 | - | 1 | Distractions throughout online classes – dropouts |
TikTok | 1 | - | 1 | Distractions throughout online classes – dropouts |
YouTube | 1 | 1 | - | Inappropriate video content & children |
Total | 202 | 66 | 136 |
|