Variables | Controlled GDM (1123 women) | Uncontrolled GDM (393 women) | P value (95% Confidence Interval) |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) Mean ± SD |
5.8 ± 6.8 |
7.6 ± 6.1 | 0.005* (−2.5, −1.8, −1.1) |
Pre-prandial glucose (mmol/l) Mean ± SD |
6.2 ± 2.9 |
8.3 ± 2.2 | 0.04* (−2.4, −2.1, −1.8) |
Postprandial glucose (mmol/l) Mean ± SD |
9.2 ± 3.6 |
10.5 ± 3.1 | 0.0002* (−1.7, −1.3, −0.9) |
Fructosamine (µmol/l) Mean ± SD |
337.4 ± 132 |
462.5 ± 119 | 0.007* (−139.2, −125.1, −111) |
HbA1c (%) Mean ± SD |
7.2 ± 6.6 |
8.4 ± 5.8 | 0.001* (−1.9, −1.2, −0.5) |
Polyhydramnios Number (%) |
13 (1.16%) |
17 (4.3%) |
0.0001* |
Vaginal deliveries Number (%) |
885 (78.8%) |
269 (68.4%) |
0.1 |
Cesarean deliveries Number (%) |
238 (21.2%) |
124 (31.6%) |
0.001* |
Fetal macrosomia Number (%) |
5 (0.45%) |
11 (2.8%) |
0.0001* |
Fetal anomalies Number (%) |
4 (0.36%) |
9 (2.29%) |
0.0004* |
Intrauterine fetal death Number (%) |
3 (0.27%) |
9 (2.29%) |
0.0001* |
Neonatal death Number (%) |
2 (0.18%) |
8 (2.04%) |
0.001* |
NICU admission Number (%) |
24 (2.14%) |
25 (6.36%) |
0.0001* |
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia Number (%) |
12 (1.07%) |
15 (3.05%) |
0.0005* |
Transient tachypnea of the newborn Number (%) |
23 (2.05%) |
24 (6.1%) |
0.0001* |
Neonatal hypoglycemia Number (%) |
15 (1.34%) |
18 (4.58%) |
0.0002* |