Authors

Disinfection method

Concentrations

Results

Helms, 1988 [3]

Chlorine

3 - 5 mg/l

From 29% to <5% positive sites after 5 years

Snyder, 1990 [4]

Chlorine

2 - 5 mg/l

From 37% to 7% positive sites after 17 months

Ditommaso, 2006 [5]

Chlorine

2 - 3 mg/l

From 47% to 6% positive sites after 5 years

Hamilton, 1996 [6]

Chlorine dioxide

0.5 - 1 mg/l

From 28% to 12% positive sites after 6 months

Srinivasan, 2003 [7]

Chlorine dioxide

0.8 mg/l

From 41% to 4% positive sites after 17 months

Ricci, 2005 [8]

Chlorine dioxide

0.4 - 0.5 mg/l

Persistent colonization of water system

Casini, 2008 [9]

Chlorine dioxide

0.2 - 0.5mg/ l

From 67% to 14% positive sites after 5 years

Hosein, 2005 [10]

Chlorine dioxide

0.5 mg/l

From 40% to 50% positive sites after 2 years

Zhang, 2009 [11]

Chlorine dioxide

0.5 - 0.7 mg/l

From 60% to 10% positive sites after 30 months

Sidari, 2004 [12]

Chlorine dioxide

0.3 - 0.5 mg/l

From 27% to 3% positive sites in 1 month

Di Marino, 2007 [13]

Chlorine dioxide

0.2 - 0.3 mg/l

From 60% to <5% in 1 month

Marchesi, 2012 [14]

Monochloramine

2 - 3 mg/l

From 60% to 8% positive sites in 1 month

Kandiah, 2012 [15]

Monochloramine

2 - 3 mg/l

From 33% to 0% positive sites in 3 weeks

Chien, 2012 [16]

Monochloramine

3 - 4 mg/l

Cooling tower, HPC < 10⁴ cfu/ml

Marchesi, 2013 [17]

Monochloramine

2 - 3 mg/l

From 100% to 9.5% positive in 1 month

Kandiah, 2013 [18]

Monochloramine

2 - 4 mg/l

From 53% to 0.35% in 1 year

Casini, 2014 [19]

Monochloramine

2 mg/L

From 100% to 0% positive within 1 month

Duda, 2014 [20]

Monochloramine

2 - 4 mg/l

From 53% to 9% in one week