Title

Sample

Spatial Crystallization

Approach and Supporting Process

Spatial Pattern Representation

Containment

Greenbelt (Ahern, 1999)

Ecological Boundaries

Sustainable Development, Landscape Ecology

Framework

Future of Riverine Edge Areas (Forman, 1990a)

Ecological Corridors

Bioregionalism, Landscape Ecology

Laissez faire

Sprawl in Edge Areas (Ahern, 1999)

Edge of Areas

Landscape Ecology

Grid

Land Survey Laws in the United States in 1785 (Forman, 1990b)

Ecological Spatial Justice

Land Ecology

Interdigitating

Relationship between Ecosystem and Governance (Forman, 1990b)

Coexistence and Interdependence

Sustainable Development, Landscape Ecology

Network

Ecological Network (De Montis et al., 2016)

Centers and Ecological Valleys

Sustainable Development, Landscape Ecology