Plant name (Botanical)

Family

Part Used

Solvent used for extraction

Chemical constituents

Strain and method used

MIC value/Anti-TB activity

Reference

Acalypha indica L.

Euphorbiaceae

Leaves

Water extract and pure gel of Aloe vera

Identification needed

Drug susceptible strain M. tuberculosis H₃₇Rv as control, multi-drug resistant isolates DKU-156, JAL-1236 and fast growing mycobacterial pathogen M. fortuitum (TMC-1529). Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) medium and colorimetric BacT/ALERT 3D system

All these plants exhibited activity against MDR isolates of M. tuberculosis.

[87]

Adhatoda vasicaNees

Acanthaceae

Leaves

Allium cepa

Alliaceae

Bulbs

Allium sativum L.

Alliaceae

Cloves

Aloe vera L.

Aloaceae

Pure gel

Kaempferia galanga

Zingiberaceae

Rhizome

Ethanol

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate

M. tuberculosis H₃₇Ra, H₃₇Rv, drug susceptible and multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. Resazurin Microtitre Assay (REMA)

MIC 0.242 - 0.485 mM

[88]

Piper nigrum L.

Piperaceae

Seeds

Acetone, ethanol and distilled water

Piperine

Reference strain H₃₇Rv; three susceptible (S1, S2 and S3) and three MDR (MDR1, MDR2 and MDR3. Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA).

MIC of Acetone extract is 100 µg/mL

[53]

Vetiveria zizanioides

Poaceae

Fresh roots

Chloroform and methanol

5,10-pentadecadiyn-1-ol, a-curcumene, hydroxyjunipene, (?) cycloisosativene, valencine and selino 3,7 (11)-diene

MDR M. smegmatis. Dilution and disc diffusion method

All these compounds showed good MIC.

[89]

Urtica dioica

Urticaceae

Leaves

Hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform

Anti-tubercle activity of C. sophera may be due to presence of alkaloids or flavonoids and that of HEUD due to terpenoids.

M. tuberculosis standard strain H₃₇Rv (ATCC- 35838), MDR strains, and clinical isolates CL-1 (+3) and CL-2 (+2).

A disk diffusion and broth dilution method.

MIC for hexane extract of U. dioica and methanol extract of C. sophera, is 250 and 125 μg/mL respectively. Semipurified fraction F2 from MECS produced 86% inhibition against clinical isolate and 60% inhibition against MDR strain of M. tuberculosis. F18 from HEUD produced 81% inhibition against clinical isolate and 60% inhibition against MDR strain of M. tuberculosis.

[90]

Cassia sophera

Urticaceae

Dried seeds

Plumeria bicolor

Apocynaceae

Bark

Methanol than chloroform

Plumericin and iso-Plumericin

M. tuberculosis (H₃₇Rv) and four multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, Tetrazolium Microplate Assay (TEMA)

Plumericin showed better activity against all the four sensitive as well as MDR strains of M. tuberculosis with MIC values of 2.1 ± 0.12, 1.3 ± 0.15, 2.0 ± 0.07, 1.5 ± 0.13 & 2.0 ± 0.14 μg/mL and MBC values of 3.6 ± 0.22, 2.5 ± 0.18, 3.8 ± 0.27, 2.9 ± 0.20 & 3.7 ± 0.32 μg/mL than isoplumericin, respectively

[91]

Ventilago madraspatana

Rhamnaceae

Stem bark

[92]

Emodin

Drug resistant clinical isolates, Tetrazolium Microplate Assay (TEMA)

Among all the compounds, Plumbagin was found to be the most potent MIC 0.25 - 16 μg/mL

[93]

Plumbago indicalinn

Plumbaginaceae

Root

[94]

Plumbagin

Diospyros montanaroxb

Ebenaceae

Stem bark

Diosyprin

Andrographis paniculata

Acanthaceae

Whole plant

hexane and methanol (1:5)

Andrographolide

Drug resistant susceptible clinical isolate and M. tuberculosis H₃₇Rv, Resazurin assay

The methanolic extract of A. paniculata showed maximum anti-mycobacterial activity at 250 μg/mL against all the tested strains of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv, MDR, and drug sensitive

[95]