Variable type | Variable name | Variable definitions | Min | Max | Mean | Standard deviation |
Dependent | Language score (grade 1) Math scores (grade 2) | Parents’ evaluation of their child’s usual performance last semester, 1 = poor; 2 = medium; 3 = good; 4 = excellent | 1
1 | 4
4 | 2.81
2.78 | 0.94
1.00 |
Explanatory variables | Education expenditure (lnexp) | Children’s total education expenditure last year (yuan) | 1.60 | 10.82 | 6.49 | 1.44 |
Human investment: Mother taking care of family time (hourcf1_m) Father taking care of family time (hourcf1_f) | Working day, Time for family care (hour) |
0
0 |
13
10 |
1.61
0.59 |
1.90
0.93 | |
Family investment ability: Whether the mother is employed (work_m) Whether the father is employed (work_f) |
1 = yes; 0 = no 1 = yes; 0 = no |
0 0 |
1 1 |
0.37 0.57 |
0.48 0.49 | |
Human capital: Mother’s highest education (edu_m) Father’s highest education (edu_f) | 1 = illiteracy; 2 = primary school; 3 = junior high school’ 4 = high school; 5 = College; 6 = Undergraduate; 7 = master’s degree; 8 = PhD |
1 1
|
8 8
|
2.57 2.86 |
1.25 1.20 | |
Investment target situation Account type (hukou_c) Child sex (gender_c) Cross terms (cross) Child’s age (age_c) |
1 = city; 0 = rural 1 = male; 0 = female work_m*gender_c, Cross-term between employment of mother and child’s gender Child’s age |
0 0 0
6 |
1 1 1
15 |
0.29 0.51 0.19
10.43 |
0.45 0.49 0.39
2.93 |