| Item | Writing confidence items | The experimental group (n = 22) | The control group (n = 40) | Differences across the two groups | |||
| M | SD | M | SD | Cohen’s D | Sig. (p) | ||
| 1 | Summarize and synthesize information from academic publications when writing academically in English | 5.50 | 0.96 | 4.75 | 1.06 | 0.74 | 0.01 |
| 2 | Express my ideas clearly when writing academically in English | 5.41 | 1.01 | 4.35 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Connect my own ideas to existing literature when writing academically in English | 5.36 | 0.95 | 4.65 | 1.00 | 0.73 | 0.01 |
| 4 | Take the reader’s perspective into account when writing academically in English | 5.05 | 1.09 | 4.53 | 1.15 | 0.46 | 0.09 |
| 5 | Structure and organize my text clearly when writing academically in English | 5.23 | 1.07 | 4.68 | 1.14 | 0.50 | 0.07 |
| 6 | Use a wide variety of sentence structures when writing academically in English | 4.50 | 1.57 | 4.35 | 1.46 | 0.10 | 0.71 |
| 7 | Review and revise/improve my text when writing academically in English | 5.18 | 1.10 | 5.00 | 1.36 | 0.15 | 0.59 |
| 8 | Build up a logical and coherent argument when writing academically in English | 5.27 | 0.99 | 4.90 | 1.08 | 0.36 | 0.19 |
| 9 | Write persuasively when writing academically in English | 5.05 | 1.13 | 4.70 | 1.09 | 0.31 | 0.24 |
| 10 | Write critically when writing academically in English | 4.82 | 1.22 | 4.40 | 1.13 | 0.36 | 0.18 |