Identified PFAS

Nanoparticles with modified groups

Sensing types

Sensitivity

Sources

References

PFOS

Quantum dots nanoparticles (QDNPs)

Optical

2.5 ppt

River, lake and bottled water

Zhang et al. [74]

PFOA, PFOS, PFHA

Molecularly imprinted polymer modified TiO₂ nanotube arrays

Photoelectrochemical

85 ng/L

Tap, river and mountain water

Li et al. [75]

PFOA

Glass-chip-AIE

Fluorescence

41 ppb

Water

Fang et al. [49]