Parameter

Average value

Orchard

Upland

Paddy

Bacterial biomass (×10⁸ cells/g-soil)

7.4^b (±10.1)

8.0^b (±9.0)

12.9^a (±13.4)

NH+ 4 oxidation rate (point)

65.6^a (±37.4)

40.9^b (±32.2)

15.5^c (±15.5)

NO− 2 oxidation rate (point)

41.6^b (±38.7)

63.0^a (±34.4)

43.6^b (±27.7)

N circulation activity (point)

23.7^b (±20.4)

34.4^a (±30.4)

21.8^b (±14.9)

P circulation activity (point)

16.8^b (±27.8)

40.7^a (±37.7)

36.9^a (±33.5)

TC (mg/kg)

24,000^b (±18,300)

33,120^a (±29,650)

15,420^c (±4910)

TN (mg/kg)

1460^b (±1190)

2010^a (±2580)

1080^c (±450)

TP (mg/kg)

1030^b (±860)

3250^a (±5300)

880^b (±430)

TK (mg/kg)

5370^b (±3700)

8600^a (±8340)

3270^c (±1820)

C/N ratio

19^a (±11)

20^a (±16)

16^a (±7)

C/P ratio

27^a (±15)

31^a (±78)

24^a (±33)

NO− 3-N (mg/kg)

12.8^b (±11.6)

43.8^a (±123.3)

5.1^c (±8.3)

NH+ 4-N(mg/kg)

61.1^a (±69.3)

15.0^b (±36.0)

8.5^b (±34.7)

Soluble P₂O₅ (mg/kg)

220^a (±400)

60^b (±80)

18^c (±21)

Soluble K₂O (mg/kg)

276^a (±371)

273^a (±393)

43^b (±74)

pH

5.0^b (±1.4)

6.4^a (±1.0)

7.5^a (±8.4)

EC (ds/m)

0.2^b (±0.2)

0.9^a (±1.8)

0.8^a (±1.9)

Water content (%)

25^c (±11)

42^a (±36)

33^b (±23)

Water-holding capacity (ml/kg)

891^a (±477)

804^a (±947)

609^b (±400)