Reference

Study type

Sample

Intervention

Results

[72]

Randomized clinical trial

· n = 144 with moderate or severe NAFLD

· Age: >30 to <60 years

· BMI: ≥25 kg/m²

Low GI Mediterranean diet with aerobic

activity program

Reduced NAFLD scores after 45 days of treatment

[70]

Observational

· n = 54, suffering from metabolic dysfunctions

· Age: 53 ± 10 years

· BMI: 32 ± 5 kg/m²

Low GI Mediterranean diet and low-intensity aerobic exercises, accompanied by easy to perform strengthening exercises

· Statistically significant direct effect on BMI

· Statistically significant direct effect on Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance or HOMA-IR

· Improved status of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

[12]

Randomized controlled trial

· n = 63 with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

· Age: 39.3 ± 8.9 years

High protein and low GI diet for 12 weeks

· Loss in body weight

· Reduced body fat percentage

· Improved visceral fat and blood glucose-related indicators

[13]

Meta-analysis

n = 2002, having either obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular

disease

Low GI diet

· Reduced BMI (p < 0.05)

· Improved BMI after interventions of >24 weeks

· Controlled fasting blood glucose and HbA1c

[74]

Randomized controlled parallel trial

· n = 20 with T2DM

· Age: 42.4 ± 5.1 years

· BMI: 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m²

Low GI test meals (breakfast and afternoon)

· Reduced body fat

· Reduced negative metabolic and inflammatory responses

[78]

Systematic review and meta-analysis

n = 1617

with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Low GI/glycemic load diet

· Reduced HbA1c, fasting glucose, triglycerides, body weight and BMI

· Improved glycemic control, blood lipids, adiposity, and inflammation beyond concurrent pharmacotherapy