Shin et al. 2015	1663	representative; adults	USA	Cross-sectional	serum lipid levels: total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL	2 question instrument derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and NHANES	FI not associated with total cholesterol. FI associated with low HDL among women only (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.42 - 3.76), but not men.
Shiue 2016	4979	representative; general population	USA	Cross-sectional	BP, serum glucose, total cholesterol and HDL, CRP	HFSSM	FI associated with prior asthma (p = 0.002), arthritis (p = 0.051), chronic bronchitis (p = 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.042), eczema (p = 0.001), emphysema (p = 0.013), liver problems (p = 0.022), suggesting disability from illness might prevent these individuals from being employed.
Silverman et al. 2015	287	convenience; US adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes	USA	Cross-sectional	HbA1c	HFSSM	FI associated with depression (p < 0.001), diabetes distress (p < 0.001), low medication adherence (p = 0.02), and worse glycemic control (p = 0.02).
Tarasuk et al. 2013	77,053	representative; general population	Canada	Case-control	self report of physician diagnosis of 10 conditions	HFSSM	Most conditions increased the odds of FI when controlling for other sociodemographics, and this effect became greater with the increasing number of comorbid chronic conditions: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.28 - 1.59 for one condition, OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.62 - 2.14 for two, and OR 3.44, 95% CI 3.02 - 3.93) for 3 or more.
Tayie and Zizza 2009	5549	representative; general population	USA	Cross-sectional	serum fasting triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and their ratios	HFSSM	FI not associated with lipid measures among men. Among women, those with moderate food insecurity were more likely to have abnormal LDL (p = 0.045), and those with FI but not hunger had higher abnormal fasting serum triglyceride (p = 0.041).
Terrell, Drew, and Vargas 2009	15,199	representative; general population	USA	Cross-sectional	HbA1c, BP, proteinuria	HFSSM	People with FI were more likely to have diabetes based on self-report (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13 - 1.85). People with FI and hypertension were more likely to have better blood pressure control (OR 1.335, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.68).