Year of publication

Number (percent)

Study population

Number (percent)

2000-2006

5 (10)

People with CD

19 (38)

2007-2012

21 (41)

People with FI

1 (2)

2013-2015

24 (47)

General or mixed

31 (62)

Study design

Chronic disease

Cross-sectional

42 (82)

Diabetes

39 (76)

Longitudinal

3 (6)

Hypertension

12 (24)

Case-control

6 (12)

Dyslipidemia

10 (20)

Asthma

5 (10)

Study setting

Cardiovascular disease

4 (8)

USA

32 (63)

Metabolic syndrome

2 (4)

Canada

8 (16)

Kidney disease

1 (2)

Malaysia

3 (5)

Iran

2 (4)

FI Measurement

Mexico

1 (2)

HFSSM

39 (76)

Brazil

1 (2)

Other

12 (24)

Jordan

1 (2)

Kenya

1 (2)

Main finding

Puerto Rico

1 (2)

Positive association-FI & CD

42 (82)

Australia

1 (2)

No positive association

9 (18)