| Study | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV |
| Dulchavsky et al. [16] | 95% | 100% |
| 100% |
| Knudtson et al. [19] | 92% | 99.7% | 92% | 99.7% |
| Lichtenstein et al. [5] | 100% | 78% |
|
|
| Sartori et al. [11] | 87.5% | 100% | 100% | 99.6% |
| Lichtenstein et al. [14] | 95.3% | 91.1% |
| 100% |
| This study | 100% | 94% | 94% | 100% |