Electro-Dialysis:

Electro-dialysis involves the application of an electrical current to the saline water to separate the salt ions from the water molecules (Naderi & Gupta, 2020; Tonner & Tonner, 2004; Yuan et al., 2022) . It is an effective technique for producing freshwater from saline water.

Ion-Exchange:

It involves the exchange of ions between the saline water and resin bed (Subban & Gadgil, 2019) . It is an effective technique for reducing the salinity of water.

Reverse Osmosis:

Reverse osmosis is a water treatment process that involves the removal of salt and other impurities from water (Motallebian et al., 2019) . It is an effective technique for producing freshwater from saltwater.