Latent variables

Measurement items

Reference documentation

Incremental service innovation

b1. The frequency of the value added services provided and service content extended by the enterprise to the existing customers and markets

b2. The frequency of the existing service mode and the distribution line adjusted and improved by the enterprise

b3. The frequency of the existing technology finely adjusted and improved by the enterprise

(Zhang Jing, 2011) [22] ,

(Li Xianjia, 2013) [23] ,

(Zhang Huiying, et al. 2014),

(Wei Jiang, et al. 2014) [24]

Breakthrough service innovation

b4. The frequency of the new customers and new markets found by the enterprise

b5. The frequency of new service mode and new distribution line developed by the enterprise

b6. The frequency of the emerging logistics technology updated and used by the enterprise