Streams of Literature

Concept of Pace

Examples of Studies

Organizational change

Magnitude and frequency of change

Gersick, 1991, 1994; Miller & Friesen, 1982; Romanelli & Tushman, 1994; Tushman & Romanelli, 1985

Strategic process

Rate of change, periodicity of progress, and duration

Monge, 1992

Decision making

Speed, i.e., time it takes to make a decision

Baum & Wally, 2003; Eisenhardt, 1989, 1990; Judge & Miller, 1991; Stalk, 1988

Innovation & product development

Speed, i.e., time it takes to bring a product to market or for innovation to occur

Bayus, 1997; Brown & Karagozoglu, 1993; Carmel, 1995; Kessler & Chakrabarti, 1996; Schoonhoven, et al., 1990; Smith, 1999; Vesey, 1991; Vinton, 1992; Von Braun, 1990, 1991

Competitive rivalry

Speed, i.e., time it takes to make moves or counter-moves

Chen & Hambrick, 1995; Smith & Grimm, 1991

International expansion

Speed, i.e., average number of

subsidiaries per year

Vermeulen & Barkema, 2002