Streams of Literature | Concept of Pace | Examples of Studies |
Organizational change | Magnitude and frequency of change | Gersick, 1991, 1994; Miller & Friesen, 1982; Romanelli & Tushman, 1994; Tushman & Romanelli, 1985 |
Strategic process | Rate of change, periodicity of progress, and duration | Monge, 1992 |
Decision making | Speed, i.e., time it takes to make a decision | Baum & Wally, 2003; Eisenhardt, 1989, 1990; Judge & Miller, 1991; Stalk, 1988 |
Innovation & product development | Speed, i.e., time it takes to bring a product to market or for innovation to occur | Bayus, 1997; Brown & Karagozoglu, 1993; Carmel, 1995; Kessler & Chakrabarti, 1996; Schoonhoven, et al., 1990; Smith, 1999; Vesey, 1991; Vinton, 1992; Von Braun, 1990, 1991 |
Competitive rivalry | Speed, i.e., time it takes to make moves or counter-moves | Chen & Hambrick, 1995; Smith & Grimm, 1991 |
International expansion | Speed, i.e., average number of subsidiaries per year | Vermeulen & Barkema, 2002 |