| Males N = 85 | Females N = 130 | p-value | ||
| M | SD | M | SD | |
Physical illness | 32.47 | 13.90 | 31.18 | 11.92 | 0.47 |
Psychological stress | 58.05 | 14.16 | 55.73 | 12.45 | 0.21 |
Perceived Personal Self-Efficacy | 31.11 | 8.54 | 33.45 | 5.74 | 0.02 |
Perceived Collective Self-Efficacy | 28.71 | 8.26 | 30.81 | 6.97 | 0.04 |
Total LOC | 42.08 | 6.70 | 39.95 | 6.65 | 0.02 |