| Project Title and period | Major activities | Project manager and lead organization/s |
| Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation Project (KIFCON)2 1990 to 1993 | It demonstrated that there are formal and informal forest benefits to communities. It demonstrated informal (illegal) benefits from ASF were higher than legal benefits. Started initial attempts for community participation in forest management. Facilitated the initiation of KWS participation in joint management of ASF through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). The biggest challenge was legalizing, diversifying and spreading benefits. | ODA KFS |
| Kipepeo (Butterfly) farming Project3 Ongoing since 1993 | A conservation innovation that demonstrated that communities could get higher returns from non-timber forest products such as butterflies. Demonstrated that the attitude of the community towards forest conservation is directly related to the benefits they draw from it. Started (“opened eyes”) first forest-based direct non-consumptive benefits. By 2000 it started facilitating the sale of honey produced by ASF Forest adjacent Communities (FAC) with an equipped marketing processing center. The project has not received funding since 2006 but has continued to grow sustainably. | Nature Kenya (NK) and NMK |
| Promotion of Sustainable Forest Management (PSFM)4 1993-1998 | Emphasized on sustainable management of natural forests. Initiated on-farm forestry. Conducted Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) to initiate community involvement in PFM. | GIZ KEFRI |
| Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Management and Conservation Project (ASFMCP)5 1997-2001 | Build the capacity of Government officers and community to support the forest management paradigm shift. Initiated PFM piloting and integrated rural development. Expanded existing forestry-related Income Generating Activities (IGAs) and initiated new IGAs like beekeeping and Aloe growing. Enhanced ASFMT and community partnerships and structures. The government increased funding towards multiple stakeholder management. | Birdlife International MoU secretariat at Ministry headquarters composed of KFS, KWS, KEFRI, NMK and USAID representative |
| Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Community Conservation Initiatives6 2003-2005 | The project developed and implemented equally by Government and Community. Initiated human-wildlife conflict deterrent through the construction of the electric fence and did the initial 20 km solar fence. Supported learning cross-site visits. Consolidating existing IGAs like Eco-Tourism, Butterfly farming and Bee keeping. Initiating new IGAs like Mushroom farming. | ASFADA and ASFMT |