Null Hypothesis

${\chi }^2$ Statistic

Critical Value

Conclusion

$\Delta \ln k_t$ does not Granger cause $\Delta \ln y_t$

2.4176

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(1\right)=3.84$

Do not reject the null

$\Delta \ln h_t$ does not Granger cause $\Delta \ln y_t$

3.6241

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(1\right)=3.84$

Do not reject the null

$\Delta \ln k_t$ and $\Delta \ln h_t$ do not Granger cause $\Delta \ln y_t$

4.3135

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(2\right)=5.99$

Do not reject the null

$\Delta \ln y_t$ does not Granger cause $\Delta \ln k_t$

15.3013

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(1\right)=3.84$

Reject the null

$\Delta \ln h_t$ does not Granger cause $\Delta \ln k_t$

6.3031

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(1\right)=3.84$

Reject the null

$\Delta \ln y_t$ and $\Delta \ln h_t$ do not Granger cause $\Delta \ln k_t$

15.3367

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(2\right)=5.99$

Reject the null

$\Delta \ln y_t$ does not Granger cause $\Delta \ln h_t$

6.6776

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(1\right)=3.84$

Reject the null

$\Delta \ln k_t$ does not Granger cause $\Delta \ln h_t$

2.5184

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(1\right)=3.84$

Do not reject the null

$\Delta \ln y_t$ and $\Delta \ln k_t$ do not Granger cause $\Delta \ln h_t$

9.1806

${\chi }_{0.05}^2\left(2\right)=5.99$

Reject the null