Strategies | Features | Methods | Site advantages | Diagrams |
Hard protection | Dikes Levees Sea walls Groins | Build physical barriers to block water | For hard-to-move facilities and infrastructure on flat grounds |
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Soft protection | Mangroves Wetlands Sand dunes Tidal flats | Create buffer with vegetation or landforms | For maintaining the shoreline on the site with existing coastal forest or sand dunes |
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Accommodation | Raising levels Desalination Drainage Alarm system | Upgrade functions while retaining the location | For redevelopment projects or facilities on the site without high grounds nearby |
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Retreat | Relocation Abandonment | Relocate facilities to low-risk uplands | For residential and public use facilities on the site with low-risk uplands nearby |
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