Strategies

Features

Methods

Site advantages

Diagrams

Hard protection

Dikes

Levees

Sea walls

Groins

Build physical barriers to block water

For hard-to-move facilities and infrastructure on flat grounds

Soft protection

Mangroves

Wetlands

Sand dunes

Tidal flats

Create buffer with vegetation or landforms

For maintaining the shoreline on the site with existing coastal forest or sand dunes

Accommodation

Raising levels

Desalination

Drainage

Alarm system

Upgrade functions while retaining the location

For redevelopment projects or facilities on the site without high grounds nearby

Retreat

Relocation

Abandonment

Relocate facilities to low-risk uplands

For residential and public use facilities on the site with low-risk uplands nearby