Characteristics | BMI (n = 776) | χ2 a | P-value | ||
Low BMI | Normal BMI | High BMI | |||
No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | |||
Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 32 (27.8) | 72 (62.6) | 11 (9.6) | 1.471 | 0.832 |
20 - 24 | 74 (26.5) | 166 (59.5) | 39 (14.0) | ||
25+ | 105 (27.5) | 229 (59.9) | 48 (12.6) | ||
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
Illiterate | 162 (26.5) | 371 (60.7) | 78 (12.8) | 5.701 | 0.223 |
Read and write | 25 (36.8) | 33 (48.5) | 10 (14.7) | ||
Primary and above | 22 (25.0) | 58 (65.9) | 8 (9.1) | ||
Parity |
|
|
|
|
|
Nullipara | 78 (25.7) | 184 (60.5) | 42 (13.8) | 2.221 | 0.695 |
Primipara | 33 (28.4) | 65 (56.0) | 18 (15.5) | ||
Multipara | 93 (27.6) | 206 (61.1) | 38 (11.3) | ||
Gestation weeks (period) |
|
|
|
|
|
1st Trimester | 28 (35.4) | 42 (53.2) | 9 (11.4) | 16.659 | 0.002 * |
2nd Trimester | 140 (30.8) | 262 (57.6) | 53 (11.6) | ||
3rd Trimester | 43 (17.8) | 163 (67.4) | 36 (14.9) | ||
Autonomy |
|
|
|
|
|
No | 120 (26.0) | 279 (60.4) | 63 (13.6) | 1.548 | 0.461 |
Yes | 91 (29.0) | 188 (59.9) | 35 (11.1) | ||
Monthly household expenditure |
|
|
|
|
|
≤350 Eth.birr | 59 (20.8) | 195 (68.7) | 30 (10.6) | 15.979 | 0.014 * |
351 - 500 Eth. birr | 69 (30.7) | 131 (58.2) | 25 (11.1) | ||
501 - 700 Eth.birr | 49 (37.4) | 70 (53.4) | 12 (9.2) | ||
>700 Eth.birr | 21 (28.4) | 42 (56.8) | 11 (14.9) | ||
Solid waste disposal system |
|
|
|
|
|
Unsafe | 102 (27.3) | 223 (59.8) | 48 (12.9) | 0.046 | 0.977 |
Safe | 109 (27.1) | 243 (60.4) | 50 (12.4) | ||
Safety of drinking water |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes | 26 (24.8) | 64 (61.0) | 15 (14.3) | 0.516 | 0.773 |
No | 184 (27.5) | 402 (60.1) | 83 (12.4) | ||
Latrine facility |
|
|
|
|
|
Open field/pit system | 108 (25.0) | 265 (61.3) | 59 (13.7) | 2.663 | 0.264 |
Covered pit/water carriage system | 102 (29.9) | 200 (58.7) | 39 (11.4) | ||
Health Problems at booking |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes | 40 (25.2) | 103 (64.8) | 16 (10.1) | 2.050 | 0.359 |
No | 171 (27.7) | 364 (59.0) | 82 (13.3) | ||
Season at booking |
|
|
|
|
|
Tseday | 11 (36.7) | 13 (43.3) | 6 (20.0) | 13.398 | 0.037* |
Bega | 58 (31.9) | 106 (58.2) | 18 (9.9) | ||
Belg | 107 (23.3) | 294 (64.1) | 58 (12.6) | ||
Kiremt | 35 (33.3) | 54 (51.4) | 16 (15.2) |