| Characteristics | BMI (n = 770) | χ2 a | P-value | ||
| Low BMI | Normal BMI | High BMI | |||
| No (%) | No (%) | No (%) | |||
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 15 - 19 | 35 (24.6) | 90 (63.4) | 17 (12.0) | 4.272 | 0.370 |
| 20 - 24 | 68 (23.2) | 174 (59.4) | 51 (17.4) | ||
| 25+ | 66 (19.9) | 203 (61.3) | 62 (18.7) | ||
| Education |
|
|
|
|
|
| Illiterate | 66 (21.0) | 202 (64.1) | 47 (14.9) | 12.232 | 0.016 * |
| Read and Write | 72 (27.4) | 153 (58.2) | 38 (14.4) | ||
| Primary and above | 30 (16.9) | 107 (60.1) | 41 (23.0) | ||
| Parity |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nullipara | 86 (22.8) | 237 (62.9) | 54 (14.3) | 6.860 | 0.143 |
| Primipara | 23 (16.9) | 87 (64.0) | 26 (19.1) | ||
| Multipara | 59 (24.1) | 137 (55.9) | 49 (20.0) | ||
| Gestation weeks (period) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st Trimester | 19 (28.4) | 39 (58.2) | 9 (13.4) | 27.625 | 0.000* |
| 2nd Trimester | 112 (23.9) | 299 (63.9) | 57 (12.2) | ||
| 3rd Trimester | 41 (17.4) | 130 (55.3) | 64 (27.2) | ||
| Autonomy |
|
|
|
|
|
| No | 60 (21.8) | 172 (62.5) | 43 (15.6) | 0.665 | 0.717 |
| Yes | 112 (22.6) | 296 (59.8) | 87 (17.6) | ||
| Monthly household expenditure |
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤350 Eth.birr | 24 (22.2) | 68 (63.0) | 16 (14.8) | 15.697 | 0.015* |
| 351 - 500 Eth.birr | 61 (26.6) | 145 (63.3) | 23 (10.0) | ||
| 501 - 700 Eth.birr | 45 (19.5) | 145 (62.8) | 41 (17.7) | ||
| >700 Eth.birr | 34 (20.1) | 95 (56.2) | 40 (23.7) | ||
| Solid waste disposal system |
|
|
|
|
|
| Unsafe | 27 (20.5) | 83 (62.9) | 22 (16.7) | 0.373 | 0.830 |
| Safe | 145 (22.7) | 385 (60.3) | 108 (16.9) | ||
| Safety of drinking water |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes | 30 (21.7) | 77 (55.8) | 31 (22.5) | 3.815 | 0.148 |
| No | 142 (22.5) | 391 (61.9) | 99 (15.7) | ||
| Latrine facility |
|
|
|
|
|
| Open field/pit system | 80 (20.6) | 246 (63.2) | 63 (16.2) | 2.108 | 0.349 |
| Covered pit/water carriage system | 92 (24.1) | 222 (58.3) | 67 (17.6) | ||
| Health problems at booking |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes | 24 (15.8) | 105 (69.1) | 23 (15.1) | 6.126 | 0.047 * |
| No | 148 (23.9) | 363 (58.7) | 107 (17.3) | ||
| Season at booking |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tseday | 18 (23.1) | 50 (64.1) | 10 (12.8) | 4.075 | 0.666 |
| Bega | 26 (21.0) | 82 (66.1) | 16 (12.9) | ||
| Belg | 81 (23.3) | 205 (58.9) | 62 (17.8) | ||
| Kiremt | 47 (21.4) | 131 (59.5) | 42 (19.1) | ||