Embree [33] 2011 | Mice | OA Differential gene expression analysis was performed with RNA extracted from 3-week old WT and bgn−/+; fmod−/− | 4833416E15Rik Aebp1, Ahsp Angptl7, Arsk Bace1, Bgn Cartpt, Col2a1 Col9a1, Col9a3 Fmod, Hapln1 LOC 344564 Matn3, Mrpl30 Pfn1, Ptprv Rps19, Sfrp1 Slc4a1, Tspan33 | The microarray analysis discovered 22 genes differentially expressed in bgn−/+; fmod−/− mouse model that could be involved in disease initiation. 5 genes (Cartpt, Sfrp1, Arsk, Slc4a1, Ptprv) changed in the mouse models and are related to osteoclast f unction/differentiation and bone turnover | NR |
Purcell [34] 2009 | Mice | Targeted disruption of the Gli2 zinc finger domain (Gli2zfd/zfd) Crossbreeding | Gli2 | TMJ disk was missing, small condyle, cellular organization of growth plate was lost | NR |
Gu [35] 2008 | Mice | Inactivation of Shox2 Shox2 conventional knock out mice and mice with floxed Shox2 allele were generated. Wnt1-Cre;Shox2F/F obtained by mating | Shox2 | Dysplasia of glenoid fossa, congenital TMJ ankylosis | NR |
Shibukawa [36] 2006 | Mice | Absence of articular disc Absence of joint cavities Crossbreeding and induced mutation | Ihh | Mandible development was defective, condyle zonal architecture was abnormal, complete absence of functional disc and joint cavity | NR |
Meng [37] 2005 | Mice | OA Surgical lesion on discs, gene expression profile | Angpt12, Aqp3 Baalc, Casr, Cav, Chad, Cldn11, Cls Clu, Crabp2 Csrp2, Dkk3 Dpt, Egln3 Eln, Gda, Gda, Hig1 Hspca, Htr2a Igfbp5, Igfbp6 Il11ra1, Lg11 Lg11, Lib Meox2, Mmp3 Nb11, Nov Nr1d1, Nt5 Octnl, Plat Prelp, Prrx2 Pthlh, Scrg1 Serpina1, Sfrp4 Sod3, Spin2c Spp2, Tgfbi Thbs4, Tnfrsf11b Tnmd | Swelling, superficial fibrillation, early osteoarthritic changes | NR |
Xu [38] 2003 | Mice | Cartilage Degeneration Heterozygous cho/+ mutant mice | cho | At age 6 months OA-like changes became more severe, including flattening of the condylar head, loss of proteoglycans, and a reduced hypertrophic zone | NR |
Gu [39] 2014 | Mice | Apoptotic cells Wnt1-Cre; Bmpr1aF/F embryos obtained by crossing Wnt1-Cre; Bmpr1aF/+ with Bmpr1aF/F line | Bmpr1a | Agenesis Failed formation of functional fibrocartilage layer, Failure of disc separation from hypoplastic condyle | NR |