| Natural Environment | Conventional Environment |
1. Nature of Resource | indefinite openness | abstract contrasts |
2. Structure of Artifact | micro-object; micro-macro-object, micro-macrostructure; | macro-object; micro-object-macro-object; |
3. Perception | direct (cognition depends on perceptual world) | indirect (cognition does not depend on perceptual world, and logics override perceptual process) |
4. Embodiment | embodied cognition | disembodied cognition |
5. Cognitive Method | induction, deduction, & abduction | induction & deduction |
6. Handling of Errors | heuristic constructive; adoptive and tolerance | no solution or limited solution; less tolerance |
7. Effect on Memory | contain more images; images are more stable and have more sensual qualities; and images are motivating | contain less images; images are vague and easy to fade away and with less sensual qualities; and images are less motivating |