Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments at different locations on the Arabian peninsula (conc. given in ng/L) | Coastal sediments of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Qatar [59] | Coastal sediment near Shuaiba harbor, Kuwait [60] | Coastal sediment (ng/g), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia [61] | ||
conc. (ng/L) | max. | min. | |||
Naphthalene | 3.6 ± 7.7 | 31.0 | 0.3 | 0 - 4.38 | 8.8 - 60.3 |
1-Methylnaphthalene | 1.3 ± 2.8 | 11.2 | 0.1 | nd | nd |
2-Methylnaphthalene | 2.1 ± 4.9 | 19.9 | 0.2 | nd | nd |
C1-naphthalenes | 3.4 ± 7.6 | 31.1 | 0.3 | 0.04 - 5.23 | nd |
C2-naphthalenes | 7.6 ± 12.0 | 42.2 | 0.3 | 0.06 - 16.69 | nd |
C3-naphthalenes | 9.7 ± 17.4 | 65.6 | 0.0 | 0. - 20.28 | nd |
C4-naphthalenes | 10.9 ± 32.8 | 132.2 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
Acenaphthylene | 0.04 ± 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | nd | 12.5 - 86.3 |
Acenaphthene | 0.03 ± 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | nd | 38.0 - 142.0 |
Biphenyl | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 4.2 | 0.5 | nd | nd |
Fluorene | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0 - 6.21 | 17.7 - 89.4 |
Phenanthrene | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 4.6 | 0.1 | 0.49 - 95.9 | 90.5 - 292.2 |
C1-phenanthrenes/anthracenes | 2.6 ± 6.6 | 25.1 | 0.0 | 0 - 46.82 | nd |
C2-phenanthrenes/anthracenes | 8.3 ± 25.1 | 99.2 | 0.0 | 2.64 - 107.5 | nd |
C3-phenanthrenes/anthracenes | 7.2 ± 20.2 | 77.5 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C4-phenanthrenes/anthracenes | 4.8 ± 13.3 | 51.5 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
Dibenzothiophene | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0 - 10.51 | nd |
C1-dibenzothiophenes | 1.4 ± 3.9 | 15.3 | 0.0 | 0.63 - 48.41 | nd |
C2-dibenzothiophenes | 4.2 ± 12.1 | 47.6 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C3-dibenzothiophenes | 13.4 ± 40.3 | 157.5 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
Fluoranthene | 1.1 ± 1.7 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 0.11 - 292.57 | 199.3 - 1066 |
Pyrene | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 5.0 | 0.1 | 0.52 - 185.42 | 268.7 - 788.7 |
Benz(a)anthracene | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.60 | 39.0 - 184.6 |
Chrysene | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 4.4 | 0.1 | nd | 286.0 - 710.7 |
C1-chrysene | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 5.5 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C2-chrysene | 1.1 ± 2.1 | 7.8 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C3-chrysene | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 4.2 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C4-chrysene | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
Perylene | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0 - 199.73 | 0.0 - 100.5 |
Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 - 27.7 | |
Benzo(a)pyrene | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0 - 94.75 | 104.0 - 476.7 |
Benzo(e)pyrene | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 3.4 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 3.7 | 0.0 | nd | 0.0 - 48.5 |
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | nd | 0.0 |
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.0 | nd | 0.0 - 16.5 |
Fluorene | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0 - 0.62 | 17.7 - 89.4 |
C1-fluorenes | 3.1 ± 8.4 | 33.9 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C2-fluorenes | 5.3 ± 14.6 | 58.5 | 0.0 | nd | nd |
C3-fluorenes | 8.9 ± 26.9 | 107.2 | 0.0 | nd | nd |