| Old Medical Structure | ACO Vision 2030 |
| Independent service provision at each facility | Integrated service provision through levels of healthcare provision |
| The unit-based economy model where a doctor was paid a fee for any service rendered | Value-based financing model that ties healthcare workers’ earnings for their services to the results they deliver to their patients |
| Individualistic knowledge and capability sharing among healthcare workers | National knowledge and capability sharing among healthcare workers |
| Patient referral between the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of healthcare | The free patient flow between the accountable care organizations |
| Basic patient experience of full treatment or referral between the levels of care | Improved patient experience through clear citizen-centric pathways for quality, timely, and accessible services |
| Heavily dependent and reliant on the Ministry of Health | More autonomy of hospitals and PHC services |
| Financially burdening on the government because of total dependence on the Ministry of Health | Eases the financial burden on the government because privatization attracts other investors |
| Workforce instability due to the small number of Saudis in the healthcare force and more expatriates | Workforce stability through diversification of the health workforce using programs to encourage more Saudi Arabians into the system |
| Underutilization of technology despite advancements witnessed | More technology adoption and utilization in e-health systems and data analytics |
| Transformation at the facilities and entities levels | Large-scale transformation by regulating and directing a multitude of initiatives towards a common goal |