Massive, Slow

COVARIANCE

Massless, Fast

Energy-Momentum

E = p 2 / 2 m

Einstein’s

E = ( c p ) 2 + ( m c 2 ) 2

E = c p

Internal

Space-time

Symmetry

S 3

S 1 , S 2

Wigner’s

Little Groups

S 3

Gauge

Transformation