Personal strengths

UK

UK

Iran

Iran

Cultural Differences

Gender Differences

Gender × Culture

Male

Female

Male

Female

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

F

F

F

1. Curiosity: interest in, intrigued by many things

111.55

21.47

108.24

22.91

116.19

13.09

115.93

11.58

16.941

***

1.069

1.619

2. Love of learning: knowing more, reading understanding

112.30

23.94

108.29

22.38

116.03

14.99

113.03

13.79

6.769

**

4.504

*

0.244

3. Good judgment: critical thinking, rationality, open mindedness

116.52

20.11

110.85

21.84

115.59

14.02

112.88

14.85

0.166

8.460

**

0.987

4. Ingenuity: originality, practical intelligence, street smart

112.54

21.52

100.14

19.71

110.84

16.34

107.26

15.03

2.827

28.084

***

10.183

**

5. Social intelligence: emotional intelligence, good with feelings

110.59

24.93

113.31

22.61

109.81

18.60

113.03

15.17

0.134

3.464

0.035

6. Wisdom: seeing the big picture, having perspective

113.10

19.70

107.84

19.05

111.85

15.80

110.70

14.26

0.134

4.398

*

2.859

7. Bravery: courage, valour, fearlessness

107.93

22.53

100.04

24.94

106.55

17.47

99.96

16.39

0.318

17.989

***

0.255

8. Persistence: perseverance, diligence, industriousness

105.39

24.85

102.77

23.01

107.02

15.79

105.70

16.59

1.625

1.182

0.258

9. Integrity: honesty, genuineness, truthful

122.83

21.39

120.89

19.96

113.12

16.90

114.57

14.90

31.572

***

0.000

1.666

10. Kindness: generosity, empathic, helpful

123.93

17.58

123.49

20.13

111.32

19.10

119.12

13.97

37.189

***

7.360

**

9.061

**

11. Loving: able to love & be loved; deep sustained feelings

120.02

24.82

122.29

20.10

108.50

18.59

116.69

16.79

29.09

***

11.040

**

3.612

12. Citizenship: team worker, loyalty, duty to others

112.42

21.02

113.95

21.96

109.20

18.08

111.94

14.44

3.322

2.290

0.242

13. Fairness: moral valuing, equality and equity

119.89

17.93

118.95

18.35

111.30

15.54

113.00

12.64

34.594

***

0.288

1.527

14. Leadership: able to motivate groups, inclusive, focused

110.28

23.36

102.44

24.11

108.93

19.01

107.52

18.08

0.875

6.492

*

4.09

*

15. Self-control: able to regulate emotions, non-impulsive

104.31

23.05

99.01

22.62

104.56

18.47

104.24

16.13

2.338

2.459

2.901

16. Prudence: cautious, far-sighted, deliberative, discreet

107.66

24.65

107.30

23.04

105.73

17.55

104.03

13.63

3.516

0.173

0.046

17. Humility: modesty, unpretentious, humble

109.39

23.66

109.59

21.93

105.96

17.50

107.51

12.78

3.822

0.518

0.332

18. Appreciative of beauty: seeking excellence, awe/wonder

111.30

23.14

111.98

21.82

113.57

18.39

111.91

15.82

0.298

0.025

0.364

19. Gratitude: thankful, grateful

115.31

21.64

115.67

20.49

111.69

14.86

115.26

13.89

2.792

2.688

1.852

20. Optimism: hopefulness, future-mindedness, positive

109.30

26.00

107.51

24.40

107.93

20.07

111.03

18.34

0.197

0.277

2.297

21. Spirituality: faith, philosophy, sense of purpose/calling

113.79

25.08

110.06

24.19

102.02

22.56

102.49

20.93

30.418

***

0.339

1.956

22. Forgiveness: mercy, benevolent, kind

111.93

22.66

112.86

20.83

105.95

17.26

108.94

15.56

10.906

**

1.830

0.546

23. Playfulness: humour, funny, childlike

116.90

24.16

115.50

25.82

115.64

16.35

117.29

15.35

0.006

0.024

0.975

24. Enthusiasm: passion, zest, infectious, engaged

108.93

22.91

113.13

21.78

111.70

16.31

115.09

14.90

2.222

6.369

*

0.048