Males Cadet

Males Junior

Females Cadet

Females Junior

Mean value (SD)

t value

Mean value (SD)

t value

Mean value (SD)

t value

Mean value (SD)

t value

Non-intervention group (n = 9)

Intervention group (n = 21)

Non-intervention group (n = 12)

Intervention group (n = 25)

Non-intervention group (n = 6)

Intervention group (n = 7)

Non-intervention group (n = 4)

Intervention group (n = 9)

Stress management

12.11

(3.55)

11.90

(1.95)

0.21

12.92

(3.23)

13.24

(2.59)

0.33

13.17

(2.04)

14.14

(2.97)

0.68

14.25

(1.71)

12.22

(2.73)

1.35

Setting goals

10.22

(3.73)

11.33

(1.96)

0.84

9.83

(1.95)

11.04

(2.26)

1.58

13.17

(1.94)

12.86

(2.61)

0.24

11.00

(2.94)

11.56

(2.30)

0.37

Thinking carefully

11.89

(1.62)

13.05

(1.83)

1.64

12.17

(2.48)

13.24

(1.39)

1.69†

12.50

(0.55)

13.57

(2.70)

1.03

10.25

(0.96)

12.11

(1.90)

1.82†

Appreciating others

14.22

(1.79)

14.71

(1.65)

0.73

13.67

(2.67)

14.24

(1.56)

0.69

14.00

(2.28)

15.14

(1.86)

1.00

14.25

(2.06)

13.78

(1.56)

0.46

Communicating

14.56

(2.07)

14.62

(1.24)

0.10

12.83

(2.76)

13.76

(1.54)

1.32

14.17

(1.83)

14.71

(2.98)

0.39

13.00

(1.63)

12.56

(1.81)

0.42

Maintaining etiquette and manners

14.67

(1.50)

14.76

(1.22)

0.18

13.08

(2.75)

14.00

(1.91)

1.18

15.00

(1.10)

14.43

(1.90)

0.65

13.00

(3.56)

14.78

(1.64)

1.27

Always making one’s best efforts

13.11

(1.69)

13.43

(1.89)

0.44

12.08

(2.64)

12.64

(1.63)

0.79

12.33

(0.82)

14.57

(2.51)

2.23†

12.50

(1.29)

12.78

(1.39)

0.34

Taking responsibility for one’s own behavior

13.56

(1.67)

14.81

(1.25)

2.28*

12.67

(2.10)

13.68

(1.89)

1.47

13.33

(1.37)

14.57

(2.30)

1.15

12.75

(1.71)

12.78

(1.48)

0.03

Being humble

13.33

(1.50)

13.19

(1.54)

0.24

13.50

(2.02)

13.80

(1.68)

0.48

13.50

(1.05)

14.29

(1.70)

0.98

12.50

(1.29)

13.89

(1.17)

1.92†

Maintaining physical health and well-being

12.56

(1.74)

13.05

(1.88)

0.67

12.33

(1.61)

12.20

(2.06)

0.20

13.33

(1.51)

14.57

(2.51)

1.05

12.75

(1.89)

12.11

(2.09)

0.52