Junior

Cadet

U-15

U-12

Mean value (SD)

t value

Mean value (SD)

t value

Mean value (SD)

t value

Mean value (SD)

t value

Pre

(n = 13)

Post

(n = 13)

Pre

(n = 13)

Post

(n = 13)

Pre

(n = 13)

Post

(n = 13)

Pre

(n = 10)

Post

(n = 10)

Stress management

12.85

(2.58)

13.08

(2.50)

0.56

13.69

(2.53)

13.54

(2.30)

0.41

13.54

(2.18)

13.92

(2.47)

0.73

14.20

(3.65)

14.70

(3.77)

2.24

Setting goals

11.38

(2.40)

12.15

(2.19)

2.38*

13.00

(2.24)

13.23

(2.65)

0.82

11.38

(3.01)

14.31

(1.70)

4.46**

11.60

(1.58)

10.70

(2.16)

1.59

Thinking carefully

11.54

(1.85)

12.15

(2.64)

0.98

13.08

(2.02)

13.38

(2.06)

1.08

11.77

(2.62)

12.85

(1.07)

1.75

12.80

(1.81)

12.00

(1.89)

2.75*

Appreciating others

13.92

(1.66)

14.31

(2.06)

1.16

14.62

(2.06)

15.23

(1.30)

1.48

13.77

(2.09)

14.46

(2.15)

2.00

14.60

(1.35)

15.20

(1.14)

2.25

Communicating

12.69

(1.70)

12.69

(2.18)

0.00

14.46

(2.44)

14.54

(1.98)

0.23

13.69

(1.93)

14.00

(1.87)

0.84

14.10

(0.74)

14.10

(1.66)

0.00

Maintaining etiquette and manners

14.23

(2.39)

14.62

(1.76)

0.53

14.69

(1.55)

15.46

(1.39)

2.74*

14.15

(2.64)

15.23

(1.42)

2.50*

13.70

(2.26)

15.00

(0.82)

1.57

Always making one’s best efforts

12.69

(1.32)

13.23

(2.13)

1.40

13.54

(2.18)

13.85

(2.34)

1.30

13.08

(2.40)

14.00

(1.83)

2.22*

13.70

(2.45)

13.40

(1.96)

0.50

Taking responsibility for one’s own behavior

12.77

(1.48)

13.23

(1.59)

1.59

14.00

(1.96)

14.23

(2.05)

1.00

12.77

(1.09)

14.38

(1.26)

7.58***

13.60

(1.07)

13.90

(1.91)

0.52

Being humble

13.46

(1.33)

13.77

(1.59)

0.81

13.92

(1.44)

14.31

(1.49)

1.59

13.15

(1.63)

14.46

(1.27)

2.85*

13.20

(1.69)

13.50

(1.51)

1.15

Maintaining physical health and well-being

12.31

(1.97)

12.15

(1.99)

0.49

14.00

(2.12)

14.46

(1.45)

1.59

13.00

(1.87)

13.92

(1.89)

2.52*

13.70

(1.34)

13.50

(1.51)

0.31