DSM-IV Personality Disorder

Hogan & Hogan (1997)

HDS Themes

Oldham & Morris (1991)

Miller (2008)

Dotlich & Cairo (2003)

Paranoid

Distrustful and suspicious of others; motives are interpreted as malevolent.

Sceptical

Cynical, distrustful and doubting others’ true intensions.

Vigilant

Vigilantes

Habitual

Schizoid

Emotional coldness and detachment from social relationships; indifferent to praise and criticism.

Reserved

Aloof, detached and uncommunicative; lacking interest in or awareness of the feelings of others.

Solitary

Oddballs

Aloof

Schizotypal

Odd beliefs or magical thinking; behaviour or speech that is odd, eccentric or peculiar.

Imaginative

Acting and thinking in creative and sometimes odd or unusual ways.

Idiosyncratic

Creativity and vision

Eccentric

Antisocial

Disregard for the truth; impulsivity and failure to plan ahead; failure to conform.

Mischievous

Enjoying risk taking and testing the limits; needing excitement; manipulative, deceitful, cunning and exploitative.

Adventurous

Predators

Mischievous

Borderline

Inappropriate anger; unstable and intense relationships alternating between idealisation and devaluation.

Excitable

Moody and hard to please; intense but short-lived enthusiasm for people, projects or things.

Mercurial

Reactors

Volatility

Histrionic

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking; self dramatising, theatrical and exaggerated emotional expression.

Colourful

Expressive, animated and dramatic; wanting to be noticed and needing to be the centre of attention.

Dramatic

Emoters

Melodramtic

Narcissistic

Arrogant and haughty behaviours or attitudes, grandiose sense of self-importance and entitlement.

Bold

Unusually self-confident; feelings of grandiosity and entitlement; over valuation of one’s capabilities.

Self-Confidence

Preeners

Arrogance

Avoidant

Social inhibition; feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to criticism or rejection.

Cautious

Reluctant to take risks for fear of being rejected or negatively evaluation.

Sensitive

Shrinkers

Excessive Caution

Dependent

Difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive advice and reassurance; difficulty expressing disagreement out of fear of loss of support or approval.

Dutiful

Eager to please and reliant on others for support and guidance; reluctant to take independent action or to go against popular opinion.

Devoted

Clingers

Eager to Please

Obsessive- Compulsive

Preoccupations with orderliness; rules, perfectionism and control; over- Conscientiousness and inflexible.

Diligent

Meticulous, precise and perfectionistic, inflexible about rules and procedures; critical of others; .

Conscientious

Detailers

Perfectionistic

Passive- Aggressive

Passive resistance to adequate social and occupational performance; irritated when asked to do something he/she does not want to.

Leisurely

Independent; ignoring people’s requests and becoming irritated or argumentative if they persist.

Leisurely

Spoilers

Passive Resistance