Variables

All

Sex

Residence

Age Group

Male

Female

Urban

Rural

65 - 74

75 - 84

85+

Kinship network variables

1) Number of children ever born

4.3

4.1

4.5

4.3

4.4

3.6

4.5

4.5

2) If children lived nearby frequently visited (%)

1 = yes

88.9

89.0

88.7

89.3

88.3

90.3

89.6

87.9

0 = no

11.1

11.0

11.3

10.7

11.7

9.7

10.4

12.1

3) # of sons alive

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

2.1

1.9

4) # of daughters alive

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.6

2.0

1.7

Health status variables

1) Self-rated health

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.4

2) ADL (%)

1 = yes

26.4

20.3

31.5

24.0

29.1

31.7

31.5

40.9

0 = no

73.6

79.7

68.5

76.0

70.9

68.3

68.5

59.1

3) Chronical illness (%)

1 = yes

22.2

23.4

21.3

26.3

18.5

20.6

25.9

21.1

0 = no

77.8

76.6

78.7

73.7

81.5

79.4

74.1

78.9

Economic resources variables

1) Household income of last year

24,869

25,622

24,238

30,703

19,679

24,134

24,562

25,342

2) Education

2.3

3.9

1.0

2.9

1.8

4.2

2.5

1.4

3) High occupational status (%)

1 = yes

7.5

13.0

3.0

11.9

3.1

10.5

9.5

5.5

0 = no

92.5

87.0

97.0

89.1

96.9

89.5

90.5

94.5

4) Had pension (%)

1 = yes

19.3

28.4

11.9

32.3

7.7

24.9

24.1

15.1

0 = no

80.7

71.6

88.1

67.7

92.3

75.1

75.9

84.9

5) Homeownership (%)

1 = yes

88.8

88.0

89.4

81.2

95.4

87.4

88.3

89.4

0 = no

11.2

12.0

10.6

18.8

4.6

12.6

11.7

10.6

6) If main financial cost is self-covered (%)

1 = yes

20.7

28.0

14.8

33.7

9.0

29.6

25.9

15.0

0 = no

79.3

72

85.2

66.3

91.0

70.4

74.1

85.0

Other variables

1) Social integration (%)

1 = yes

13.9

18.0

12.5

18.7

9.6

23.7

18.4

8.0

0 = no

86.1

82.0

89.5

81.3

90.4

76.3

81.6

92.0

2) Living arrangement preferences (%)

1= alone

13.6

16.5

11.1

15.4

11.9

22.3

17.2

8.0

2 = with spouse

29.9

35.3

25.3

21.4

30.4

40.2

35.8

22.3

3 = with children

54.2

45.6

61.6

52.3

56.0

36.1

44.8

67.0

4 = institution

2.3

2.7

2.0

2.9

1.7

1.4

2.2

2.6

Control variables

1) Currently married (%)

1 = yes

61.8

57.3

22.6

38.4

38.2

26.0

48.0

17.3

0 = no

38.2

42.7

77.4

61.6

61.8

74.0

52.0

82.7

2) Minority (%)

1 = yes

5.9

5.4

6.3

4.8

6.9

5.8

5.7

6.0

0 = no

94.1

94.6

93.7

95.2

93.1

94.2

94.3

94.0

3) Sex (%)

1 = Male

45.0

-

-

45.9

44.3

55.3

51.3

37.6

0 = Female

55.0

-

-

54.1

55.7

44.7

48.7

62.4

4) Urban (%)

1 = yes

47.3

48.2

46.6

-

-

46.7

49.4

47.1

0 = no

52.7

51.2

53.4

-

-

53.3

50.6

52.9

Age

86.0

83.3

88.1

85.8

86.2

-

-

-