Risk | Possible Causes | Potential Consequences | Key risk indicators | Type of indicator | |
1 | Insufficient unbundling of tasks between approval, execution and recording of investment accounts | - Absence of formalized procedure | - Realization of unauthorized investments | -The number of anomalies detected by internal controllers, internal or external auditors, etc. | Manual |
- Absence of strict instructions for tasks separation | - Misappropriation of funds | ||||
2 | Sub- optimized cash management: Surplus not invested, insufficient liquidity | - Bad decision-making related to cash management | - Shortfall in terms of investment returns | - Theoretical return of assets not invested | Automatic |
- Absence of investment opportunities | - Liquidity exceedance ratio. | Automatic | |||
3 | Inaccurate asset valuation | - Wrong asset prices entry | - Money gains or losses in function of the sense of errors | -The number of anomalies detected by internal controllers, internal or external auditors, market authority, etc. | Manual |
- Manipulation of unlisted asset’s valuation | - Over or under valuation of unrealized gains or losses | ||||
4 | Issuer risk: Overexposure to a given issuer | Human error in: | - Overtaking proportions by one issuer leading to risky exposure | Issuer ratio | Automatic |
- Calculation of proportions to allocate to each issuer | |||||
- Assessment of issuers | - Excess of the regulatory allowed level | ||||
5 | Noncompliance with the pre-established investment policy | - Human error | Shortfall in terms of investment returns | Yield spread between strategic portfolio and existing one | Automatic |
- Absence of investment opportunities | |||||
6 | Unfunded asset's depreciation | - Human error | Incorrect financial data produced | -The number of anomalies detected by internal controllers, internal or external auditors, market authority, etc. | Manual |
- Inadequate analysis of the financial situation of a held asset | |||||
7 | Exceedance of the borrowing limit | - Human error | Excess of the regulatory allowed level | Borrowing ratio | Automatic |
- Financing the overinvestment |