Parameters

Techniques

Units

Range

Mean

Std. Deviation

Standards (MAC)

>MAC*

(%)

WHO

(2004)

Ethiopian

(2002)

USEPA

(1997)

As

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-23.7

2.47

6.73

10

10

10

10

Pb

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-24.6

1.24

5.34

10

20

10

5

Al

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-553

73.75

137.76

200

400

50 - 200

30

Fe

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-1939

1.49

3.69

300

400

300

20

Cd

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-0.21

0.068

0.048

3

3

3

-

Tm

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-0.40

0.031

0.068

-

-

2

-

Ni

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-0.255

0.04

0.06

20

-

-

Co

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-0.56

0.122

0.138

-

-

-

-

Se

ICP-MS

µg/l

bdl-13.99

2.16

3.04

10

10

10

5

U

ICP-MS

µg/l

0.05 - 4.32

0.88

1.10

2

-

-

5

Br

IC

mg/l

0.11 - 1.48

0.67

0.405

0.01

-

0.01

100

F

IC

mg/l

0.21 - 16.5

1.86

4.12

1.5

3.0

4.0

20

NO3

IC

mg/l

0.01 - 51.8

11.93

1.75

-

50

10

10

SO4

IC

Mg/l

1.12 - 435

69.5

8.1582E1

500

-

-

-

Mg

ICP-AES

mg/l

7.56 - 127.

59.68

3.3952E1

-

-

-

-

pH

6.11 - 8.3

7.12

0.653

-

6.5 - 8.5

6.5 - 8.5