Parameters | Techniques | Units | Range | Mean | Std. Deviation | Standards (MAC) | >MAC* (%) | ||
WHO (2004) | Ethiopian (2002) | USEPA (1997) | |||||||
As | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-23.7 | 2.47 | 6.73 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Pb | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-24.6 | 1.24 | 5.34 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 5 |
Al | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-553 | 73.75 | 137.76 | 200 | 400 | 50 - 200 | 30 |
Fe | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-1939 | 1.49 | 3.69 | 300 | 400 | 300 | 20 |
Cd | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-0.21 | 0.068 | 0.048 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - |
Tm | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-0.40 | 0.031 | 0.068 | - | - | 2 | - |
Ni | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-0.255 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 20 |
| - | - |
Co | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-0.56 | 0.122 | 0.138 | - | - | - | - |
Se | ICP-MS | µg/l | bdl-13.99 | 2.16 | 3.04 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
U | ICP-MS | µg/l | 0.05 - 4.32 | 0.88 | 1.10 | 2 | - | - | 5 |
Br | IC | mg/l | 0.11 - 1.48 | 0.67 | 0.405 | 0.01 | - | 0.01 | 100 |
F | IC | mg/l | 0.21 - 16.5 | 1.86 | 4.12 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 20 |
NO3 | IC | mg/l | 0.01 - 51.8 | 11.93 | 1.75 | - | 50 | 10 | 10 |
SO4 | IC | Mg/l | 1.12 - 435 | 69.5 | 8.1582E1 | 500 | - | - | - |
Mg | ICP-AES | mg/l | 7.56 - 127. | 59.68 | 3.3952E1 | - | - | - | - |
pH |
|
| 6.11 - 8.3 | 7.12 | 0.653 | - | 6.5 - 8.5 | 6.5 - 8.5 |
|